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TEXT 3
第一部分 文章背景
内容分类社会科学----经济学
本文主要论述了近几年铁路公司的合并现象,并且对比了支持合并的一方同发货商一方态度的不同。阅读本文是应该注意体会双方不同的态度以及作者的立场。
第二部分 语言点详释
1.Combine 使结合,联合,化合
大纲词汇:combine v.使结合,联合,化合
衍生词汇:combination n.结合,联合,化合
经典例句:You should combine theory with practice.
2. monopoly 垄断,专卖
大纲词汇:monopoly n.垄断,专卖
构词方法:mono-前缀,单独
衍生词汇:monotonous a.单调的
经典例句:No one nation has a monopoly on brains.
3. freight 运费
大纲词汇:freight n.货物,客货,运费
扩充记忆:freight transport货物运送
freight train:货运火车
4.substantial 实质的,坚固的
大纲词汇substance n.物质,实质;财产,财物
substantial a.实质的,坚固的
经典例句:Was what you saw something substantial or only a ghost?
5..coordinate 使平等,使协调
大纲词汇:coordinate a.同等的,并列的;坐标的
n.坐标
构词方法co-前缀共同
cooperate v.合作,协作,相配合
经典例句:You should coordinate the movements of the arms and legs when swimming.
6. fierce 激烈的
大纲词汇:fierce a.激烈的,凶猛的,残忍的,强烈的
经典例句:The competition is very fierce.
7.consolidation 巩固,加强
大纲词汇:consolidate v.巩固,加强
经典例句:He is trying to consolidate his influence in the company.
8.. appeal to恳求
大纲词汇:appeal to恳求,吸引
经典例句:I appeal to you to contribute to the new clinic.
9.. captive 被俘虏的
大纲词汇:captive a.被俘虏的,被监禁的
n.俘虏
经典例句:We have took the enemy captive.
10.extreme 极端的
大纲词汇:extreme a .极端的;末端的,尽头的
n.极端,最大程度
经典例句:She is extreme in her views.
11.discrimination 区别
大纲词汇:discriminate v.区别,辨别;歧视
经典例句:You shouldn't discriminate against the minority group.
12. subscribe 订购,订阅
大纲词汇:subscribe v.订购,订阅
经典例句:He subscribed fifty dollars to a local charity.
13.flourish 繁荣
大纲词汇:flourish v.繁荣
经典例句:Shakespeare flourished in the reign of Elizabeth I.
14.Arbiter 仲裁者,权威者
大纲词汇:arbitrary a.任意的,专断的
经典例句:He has an arbitrary character.
15.transaction 办理,处理
大纲词汇:transaction n.办理,处理;交易,事务
扩充记忆:transaction of business业务处理
cash transactions 现金交易
16.Indignant 愤慨的
大纲词汇:Indignant a.愤慨的,愤慨不平的
衍生词汇:indignation n.愤怒,愤慨
经典例句:She was indignant at the way she had been treated.
17.. apprehensive 忧虑的,担心的
大纲词汇:apprehension n.忧虑,担心;理解,领悟
经典例句:She wears an apprehensive expression.
第三部分 难句分析
1.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
结构剖析本句是由三个分句构成的,分别由but和and两个连接词连接。
第一个分句中complain的后边跟了一个that引导的宾语从句。
阅读重点阅读逗号较多的句子时,抓出其中的连词也是一种方法。虽然本句话看上去较乱,但是抓住了but和and层次感也就出来了。"have……by the throat"在此外译为"卡住……的脖子,主宰……"
参考译文但是许多发货上都抱怨说,运输像煤炭,化肥和粮食这样的大宗货物时,通过公路来运输成本太高,而铁路公司因此会主宰一切。
2.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
结构剖析本句是由三个分句构成的,分别由but和and两个连接词连接。第一个分句较长,可以缩句为shippers have the right。Shipper的后边跟了一个who引导的定语从句。
阅读重点本句的结构与上句非常相像。阅读的时候建议还是先抓出两个连词,然后再各个分句逐个击破。
参考译文那些感觉自己正在被敲诈的发货商有权力向联邦政府的交通运输协会提出指控,要求降低费率,但是这样做费用很高,过程耗时,而且只在极个别的案例中有效。
3.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
结构剖析这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。主句的主干是shippers would do so。Shipper的后边接了一个who引导的定语从句。最后一个逗号的后边是一个现在分词短语作状语。
阅读重点最后一个逗号的后边有两个现在分词,但是用法有所不同。Leaving sb. to do sth.这个现在分词短语充当状语。而remaining这个现在分词时作customers的定语,可以译为剩余的客户。
参考译文他们争论说,如果对所有的客户都收取一样平均的费用,那些可以转向公路或者其它交通手段的发货商就会这么做,致使剩余的客户承担维持铁路经营的成本费用。
4.It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
结构剖析本句是由but连接的两个分句。第一个分句的主干部分是It's theory后边紧跟了一个which引导的定语从句。But后边的分句的主语是it,谓语是leave。Determining的后边接了两个并列的宾语从句:which companies will flourish and which will fail。
阅读重点要注意subscribe的用法,它作订阅或订购意思讲的时候,是不及物动词,后面应该接to,比如说subscribe to China Daily,此处应该引申译为采取adopt;它作及物动词时候表示捐献,比如:subscribe fifty dollars to a local charity。
参考译文:经济学家采纳了这种作法,但实际上这使得铁路公司可以决定哪些公司繁荣兴旺,哪些公司濒临倒闭。 |